Inguinal Hernia Video

Although in this Inguinal Hernia Video does not describe about inguinal hernia complications, or inguinal hernia symptoms but it’s a nice way to learn about inguinal hernia repair. Below is the Inguinal Hernia repair Video

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Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

Hypertension Description is a persistent or intermittent elevation of systolic arterial blood pressure above 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg. Hypertension is a chronic disease, primary goals in Hypertension Nursing Care Plan is to reduce the blood pressure to less than 140/90.

Hypertension classified:

Primary (essential) accounts for over 90% of cases and is often referred to as idiopathic, since the underlying cause is not known.  Secondary hypertension results from a number of conditions that impair blood pressure regulation, and accounts for only 5% to 8% of all cases of hypertension.  Malignant hypertension, results from either type and can cause blood pressures as high as 240/150 mm Hg

Cause of Hypertension:

Cause of primary Hypertension is not known. However, associated with risk factors such as genetic predisposition, stress, obesity, and a high-sodium diet.

Secondary Hypertension results from disorders that impair blood pressure regulation, particularly renal, endocrine, vascular, and neurological disorders, hypertensive disease of pregnancy (toxemia) and use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptive

Malignant Hypertension is also not known, but it may be associated with dilation of cerebral arteries and generalized arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis, which increases intracerebral blood flow.

Ethnic/Racial African Americans and elderly people are most prone to hypertension and its complications.

Physical Examination Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

• Appear symptom-free in early stages, although flushing of the face may be present
• Fundoscopic examination of the retina may reveal hemorrhage
• Measure blood pressure in both arms three times 3 to 5 minutes apart. patient is at rest in the sitting, standing, and lying positions. Hypertension should not be diagnosed on the basis of one reading unless it is greater than 210/120 mm Hg.

Diagnostic Highlights Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

• Blood urea nitrogen
• Serum creatinine
• Total cholesterol
• Triglycerides
• Electrocardiogram

Nursing diagnosis Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

Because Hypertension is chronic disease and a major cause of stroke, cardiac disease, and renal failure, Hypertension nursing diagnosis on nursing care plan for Hypertension many associated with the Knowledge deficit about Diet, Disease process, Health behaviors, Medication, prescribed activity, Treatment regime and lifestyle

Primary Hypertension nursing diagnosis is knowledge deficit related to chronic disease management,
Possible nursing diagnosis which is commonly found in nursing care plan for Hypertension

• Fatigue
• Ineffective coping
• Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cardiopulmonary
• Noncompliance: Therapeutic regimen
• Risk for injury

Nursing outcomes Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension, Patients will:

• Identify appropriate food choices.
• Express that he has more energy.
• Demonstrate adaptive coping behaviors.
• Maintain adequate cardiac output and hemodynamic stability.
• Comply with his therapy regimen.
• Remain free from complications

Patient Teaching and Home Healthcare Guide, Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

• Teach the patient to use a self-monitoring blood pressure cuff and to record the reading at least twice a week.
• Tell the patient to take his blood pressure at the same hour each time, with out more than usually activity preceding the measurement.
• Tell the patient and family to keep a record of drugs used in the past.
• To encourage compliance with antihypertensive therapy, suggest establishing a daily routine for taking medication. Warn the patient that uncontrolled hypertension may cause stroke and heart attack. Tell him to report any adverse reactions to prescribed drugs. Advise him to avoid high-sodium antacids and over-the-counter cold and sinus medications containing harmful vasoconstrictors.
• Help the patient examine and modify his lifestyle behavior.
• Suggest stress-reduction groups, dietary changes, and an exercise program.
• Encourage a change in dietary habits. Help the obese patient plan a reducing diet.
• Tell to the patients to avoid high-sodium foods, table salt, and foods high in cholesterol and saturated fat.

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Nursing assessment videos; Head to toe

Want to improve your nursing assessment skills, whether in Geriatric nursing assessment, medical surgical nursing, or pediatric nursing assessment. What you need is to see directly when the nursing assessment is done to the patient. If you can not see its done why don’t you see the nursing assessment videos. Below is a complete head to toe nursing assessment videos.
Enjoy it’s, hopefully its will improve your nursing assessment skills

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What Is a Nursing Diagnosis for CHF

What Is a Nursing Diagnosis for CHF? Congestive Heart Failure CHF is the inability of the heart to pump blood in sufficient amount to meet the needs of the network nutrient and oxygen. The fundamental mechanism of heart failure including the nature of the damage contractile from the heart, leading to less pump sufficient blood from the normal heart. General conditions that underlie including atherosclerosis, atrial hypertension, and infections diseases or degenerative heart muscle. A number of systemic factors and can support the development of the illness of heart failure. Increased metabolic rate (for example: fever, coma, tiroktoksikosis), and anemia hypoxia need an increase in sufficient blood pump to meet the needs of the heart of oxygen.  For many patients, the symptoms of heart failure restrict the ability to perform activities of daily living, severely affecting quality of life. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have greatly improved the outlook for these patients, but the prognosis still depends on the underlying cause and its response to treatment.

What is a nursing diagnosis for CHF?
Primary nursing diagnosis congestive heart failure CHF is; Decreased CO related to an ineffective ventricular pump, but there is common nursing diagnosis for CHF patients:

• Activity intolerance
• Decreased cardiac output
• Excess fluid volume
• Fatigue
• Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
• Impaired gas exchange
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Ineffective breathing pattern
• Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cardiopulmonary

Related resource for CHF Nursing care:
Nursing care plans for Congestive Heart Failure CHF
Nursing interventions for Congestive Heart Failure CHF
Nursing outcome for Congestive Heart Failure CHF

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Anxiety Disorders nursing care plan

Anxiety disorders categorized as follows:

• Panic Disorder (with or without Agoraphobia)
• Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder
• Social Phobia
• Specific Phobia
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Post traumatic Stress Disorder
• Acute Stress Disorder
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
• Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Patients experience a panic attack under following conditions:

• As the predominant disturbance, with no apparent precipitant
• Exposed to a phobic stimulus
• Attempts are made to curtail ritualistic behavior
• Psychologically traumatic event

Sign and Symptoms include:

Pounding, rapid heart rate, Feeling of choking or smothering, Difficulty breathing, Pain in the chest, Feeling dizzy or faint, Increased perspiration, Feeling of numbness or tingling in the extremities, Trembling, Fear that one is dying or going crazy, Sense of impending doom, Feelings of unreality

Causes for Anxiety Disorders
The etiology of Anxiety Disorders is unknown but may have Predisposing Factors of Anxiety Disorders divide into Physiological and Psychosocial risk factor:

Physiological

• Biochemical: unusual Biochemical levels have been noted implicated in the etiology of Anxiety Disorders such as increased levels of norepinephrine noted in panic and generalized anxiety disorders, elevations of blood lactate in clients with panic disorder, Decreased levels of serotonin usually found on patient with obsessive compulsive disorder
• Genetic
• Medical or Substance-Induced

Psychosocial

• Psychodynamic Theory: view focuses on the inability of the ego to intervene when conflict occurs between the id and the superego, producing anxiety.
• Cognitive Theory: faulty, distorted, or counterproductive thinking patterns accompany or precede maladaptive behaviors and emotional disorders

Common Nursing Diagnosis found on Anxiety Disorders nursing care plan

• Anxiety (panic)
• Ineffective coping
• Powerlessness
• Social isolation
• Self care deficit
• Chronic low self-esteem
• Decisional conflict (excessive worry)
• Impaired social interaction
• Fear

Nursing outcomes, Nursing interventions, Patient teaching for Anxiety Disorders click here

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How to Use Anxiety NANDA Nursing Diagnosis

Diagnosis Definition for Anxiety is feeling Vague uneasy or discomfort or dread accompanied by an autonomic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual), a feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with threat.

Defining Characteristics Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety is Expressed concerns due to change in life events, insomnia Fear of unspecific consequences, Shakiness

Sample Clinical Applications Using Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety:

• Surgery
• Cancer, e.g. breast cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer
• Mental health disorders such as : Anxious behavior, Ritualistic behaviors
• Major life changes/events
• Hospital admissions
• Hyperthyroidism,
• Drug intoxication
• Drug abuse

Suggestions when nurses carry out Nursing Care Plans for Anxiety and using Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety must be different from fear, At Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety nurse helps the patient identify the causes of Anxiety, or when it cannot be identified nurse will help patients to express Anxiety. While in the diagnosis fear, the nurse will move the cause of fear or overcome a specific fear.

Nursing outcome Nursing Care Plans for Anxiety

• Patient will Verbalize awareness of feelings of anxiety
• Patient will appear relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.
• Patient will identify healthy ways to deal with and express anxiety.
• Demonstrate problem-solving skills.
• Use resources/support systems effectively.

Nursing Priority Nursing Care Plans For Anxiety

• Assess level of anxiety
• Assist client to identify feelings and begin to deal with problems
• Provide measures to comfort and aid client to handle problematic
• To promote wellness
• Teaching/discharge considerations

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